Which texts set the licensing rules for real estate agents in France?
- The loi ALUR alone, with no earlier law
- A FNAIM code of conduct that members sign
- Each town hall's local business rules
- The loi Hoguet of 2 January 1970 and its application decree of 20 July 1972
The loi Hoguet (loi n° 70-9) and decree n° 72-678 make a professional card compulsory for anyone who habitually negotiates, sells, lets or manages property for others.
Le Campus Immo2: Obtenir la carte T d'agent immobilier, conditions et démarches 2026 (2026-08) Which professional card does an agency need to broker property sales?
- Carte T (transaction)
- Carte G (gestion immobilière)
- Carte S (syndic de copropriété)
- No card: a business registration is enough
T covers transactions, G property management and S condominium management. A company holds one card, with a mention for each activity it carries out.
CCI Bretagne: Carte professionnelle agent immobilier, demande, renouvellement et démarches (2026-10) Who issues the carte professionnelle T?
- The regional chamber of notaires
- The FNAIM
- The CCI of the place where the company has its head office
- The town hall of each office
The Chambre de commerce et d'industrie (CCI) where the head office sits issues the card, through its online professional file.
CCI Bretagne: Carte professionnelle agent immobilier, demande, renouvellement et démarches (2026-10) How long is a carte professionnelle valid?
- 1 year
- 5 years
- 3 years
- 10 years
The card lasts 3 years, and proof of continuing training is needed to renew it.
CCI Bretagne: Carte professionnelle agent immobilier, demande, renouvellement et démarches (2026-10) You are hired as a salaried négociateur by an agency. What lets you negotiate on its behalf?
- An attestation d'habilitation obtained from the CCI by the card holder
- Your own carte T in your name
- Your employment contract alone
- An RSAC registration
The employment contract does not replace the attestation, and a salaried négociateur does not need a personal card. The attestation must exist before you start working.
CNACIM: Carte T et attestation d'habilitation (2026-10) Who asks the CCI for a collaborator's attestation d'habilitation?
- The collaborator, in a personal application
- The notaire of the first sale
- The network's training manager, in any CCI
- The card holder the collaborator works for
The card holder files the request (Cerfa 15315). The attestation is nominative and tied to that one card holder: it does not allow working for another professional.
CNACIM: Carte T et attestation d'habilitation (2026-10) You join a network as an agent commercial immobilier. Which set of documents must you have before negotiating?
- RSAC registration only
- RSAC registration, an agent commercial contract, a valid attestation d'habilitation and your own RCP insurance
- A carte T in your own name and nothing else
- A diploma and a business card printed by the network
RSAC registration does not replace the attestation. The agent commercial also needs personal professional liability (RCP) insurance on top of the card holder's.
CNACIM: Carte T et attestation d'habilitation (2026-10) A buyer offers to hand you, an agent commercial, his deposit cheque in your name. What is the rule?
- Accept, if you give him a receipt
- Refuse: an agent commercial cannot receive or hold client funds
- Accept, if the amount is under 5% of the price
- Accept, then pass it to the seller
Agents commerciaux cannot receive or hold client funds, cannot run an agency or an establishment, and cannot go beyond the powers delegated to them.
CNACIM: Carte T et attestation d'habilitation (2026-10) How many hours of continuing training must a card holder or négociateur complete over the 3-year period of a card?
hours The rule is 14 hours a year, or 42 hours over 3 years. Without proof of this training, the card cannot be renewed.
CCI Bretagne: Carte professionnelle agent immobilier, demande, renouvellement et démarches (2026-10) Over each 3-year period, which two topics must the continuing training cover for at least 2 hours each?
- Ethics (déontologie) and non-discrimination in access to housing
- Anti-money laundering and data protection
- Tax law and accounting
- Negotiation and digital marketing
Among the 42 hours, at least 2 hours must deal with ethics and at least 2 hours with non-discrimination in access to housing.
CCI Bretagne: Carte professionnelle agent immobilier, demande, renouvellement et démarches (2026-10) Under the CCI Bretagne fee schedule, an attestation d'habilitation for a collaborator costs 55 €. An agency onboards 4 new agents commerciaux. What does it pay, in EUR?
EUR 4 x 55 = 220 €. The same schedule shows 160 € for a first card and 130 € for a renewal; fees can differ slightly from one CCI to another.
CCI Bretagne: Carte professionnelle agent immobilier, demande, renouvellement et démarches (2026-10) How many months before its expiry must the renewal of a carte professionnelle be requested?
months Renewal is requested 2 months before the end of the 3-year validity, with proof of continuing training.
CCI Bretagne: Carte professionnelle agent immobilier, demande, renouvellement et démarches (2026-10) A candidate has no diploma. How much salaried experience in a Hoguet activity with a card holder does he need to show professional aptitude?
- 10 years, or 4 years in a management (cadre) role
- 3 years in any sales job
- 1 year with a network
- No experience: a short online course is enough
Other routes are a bac+3 level diploma in law, economics or business (or a listed title such as the BTS Professions immobilières), or 3 years of experience for a holder of the bac.
Le Campus Immo2: Obtenir la carte T d'agent immobilier, conditions et démarches 2026 (2026-08) When can a carte T holder skip the garantie financière?
- When the agency has fewer than 3 staff
- When it only sells new-build property
- Never: every carte T needs one
- When it declares on honour that it holds no funds, effects or securities for clients
The guarantee is compulsory for cards G and S, and for T if the agency holds client funds. The 'non-détention de fonds' declaration removes it for T.
CCI Bretagne: Carte professionnelle agent immobilier, demande, renouvellement et démarches (2026-10) What must an agency have before it starts negotiating a sale?
- A verbal agreement with the seller
- A written mandate with the legal mentions, such as duration, fees and who pays them
- A signed compromis de vente
- The seller's last tax notice
Without a written mandate there is no right to negotiate. DGCCRF treats incomplete or irregular mandates as misleading practices.
DGCCRF (economie.gouv.fr): Agences immobilières, attention aux clauses illicites et à l'information sur les tarifs (2022-06) What does the DGCCRF expect from an agency's registre des mandats?
- Loose sheets, as long as they are kept in a folder
- A proper register listing every mandate in chronological order
- Pencil entries that can be corrected
- Only the exclusive mandates
The register is compulsory. During its checks the DGCCRF found registers kept on loose sheets or written in pencil, which do not comply.
DGCCRF (economie.gouv.fr): Agences immobilières, attention aux clauses illicites et à l'information sur les tarifs (2022-06) In an exclusive mandate, for how long at most can the exclusivity be irrevocable?
- 1 month
- 12 months
- As long as the contract says
- 3 months
Article 78 of the 1972 decree caps the irrevocable period at 3 months. The mandate must also state its total duration.
Le Blog de L'Immobilier: Durée du mandat exclusif depuis la loi ALUR (2026-10) Which display of agency fees meets the ALUR rules and the arrêté of 10 January 2017?
- Fees shown TTC, stating who pays, in the window, inside the agency and on the website
- Fees shown HT, inside the agency only
- Fees given by phone on request
- Only the buyer's share, on the website
The fee schedule must be visible in the window and inside, and accessible and up to date on the website, with fees including VAT and the paying party stated.
DGCCRF (economie.gouv.fr): Agences immobilières, attention aux clauses illicites et à l'information sur les tarifs (2022-06) Which fee schedule is compliant since 1 April 2022?
- One that says 'fees on quote only'
- One that shows only the buyer's share
- One that states a maximum tariff, TTC, and who pays
- One that shows a minimum fee and no maximum
Since the arrêté of 26 January 2022, the barème must state a maximum tariff. 'On quote only' schedules and schedules showing only the buyer's share are non-compliant.
DGCCRF (economie.gouv.fr): Agences immobilières, attention aux clauses illicites et à l'information sur les tarifs (2022-06) In its 2019 survey the DGCCRF checked 2,175 agency establishments. What share had anomalies, in %?
% 64% of establishments had anomalies, leading to 1,706 warnings, 1,765 injunctions and 114 criminal reports.
DGCCRF (economie.gouv.fr): Agences immobilières, attention aux clauses illicites et à l'information sur les tarifs (2022-06) A non-EU national holds a 'salarié' residence permit and wants to start as a self-employed agent commercial with a network. What do you tell him?
- That permit does not allow self-employment; he needs one that does, such as a carte de résident, a passeport talent créateur d'entreprise or an entrepreneur / profession libérale card
- He can start at once, the network handles everything
- He only needs RSAC registration
- He must first pass a French language exam at the CCI
'Étudiant' and 'salarié' permits do not allow self-employed work. The entrepreneur / profession libérale card lasts 1 year and income at least at the annual SMIC is checked at renewal.
LegalPlace: Auto-entrepreneur étranger, conditions et démarches 2026 (2026-06) A Spanish citizen living in Lyon wants to become an agent commercial as a micro-entrepreneur. Does she need a residence permit?
- Yes, a passeport talent
- Yes, a one-year entrepreneur card
- Yes, unless she has lived in France 5 years
- No: EU citizens can register and work freely, like a French national
EU, EEA and Swiss citizens need no residence permit to work or register a micro-entreprise. She still needs RSAC registration, an attestation d'habilitation and RCP insurance.
LegalPlace: Auto-entrepreneur étranger, conditions et démarches 2026 (2026-06) - Dubai areas
- Rules and processes
- Money and calculations
- Off-plan
- Leasing
- Sales skills
- Selling Dubai
- Compliance
- Marketing and social media
- Client mastery
- Mindset and performance
- Market cycles and valuation
- Abu Dhabi: rules and areas
- Sharjah: rules and areas
- Ras Al Khaimah: rules and areas
- Ajman: rules and areas
- Umm Al Quwain: rules and areas
- Fujairah: rules and areas
- Saudi Arabia: rules and licence
- Saudi regions and neighbourhoods
- Saudi off-plan (Wafi)
- Where to invest in Saudi Arabia
- Saudi calculations: ROI and yields
- Saudi clients and culture
- Egypt: rules and broker registry
- Egypt areas and new cities
- Egypt off-plan
- Where to invest in Egypt
- Egypt calculations: ROI and plans
- Egyptian clients and culture
- Morocco: rules and the agent profession
- Morocco cities and areas
- Morocco off-plan (VEFA)
- Where to invest in Morocco
- Morocco calculations: costs, ROI and yields
- Moroccan clients and culture
- Spain: rules and the agent profession
- Spain cities and areas
- Spain off-plan
- Where to invest in Spain
- Spain calculations: taxes, ROI and yields
- Cyprus: rules and the estate agent licence
- Cyprus cities and areas
- Cyprus off-plan
- Where to invest in Cyprus
- Cyprus calculations: taxes, ROI and yields
- International clients in Cyprus
- Thailand: rules and who can work
- Thailand cities and areas
- Thailand off-plan
- Where to invest in Thailand
- Thailand calculations: taxes, ROI and yields
- International clients in Thailand
- France: rules and the carte professionnelle
- France cities and regions
- France off-plan (VEFA)
- Where to invest in France
- France calculations: taxes, ROI and yields
- International clients in France
- Portugal: rules and the AMI licence
- Portugal cities and regions
- Portugal off-plan
- Where to invest in Portugal
- Portugal calculations: taxes, ROI and yields
- International clients in Portugal
- International clients in Spain
- Bali: rules, licences and who can be a broker
- Bali areas
- Bali off-plan villas
- Where to invest in Bali
- Bali calculations: taxes, ROI and yields
- International clients in Bali
- All Emirates: who does what
- Trainee
- Junior broker
- Broker
- Senior broker
- Top producer
- Closer
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